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- Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP)
Government office that safeguards participants in federally funded research and provides unity and leadership for many federal departments and agencies that carry out research involving human participants.
- Orphan Drug
Term referring to a product that treats a rare disease affecting fewer than 200,000 Americans. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides this designation and incentives for companies making orphan drugs to stimulate the research, development and approval of products that treat rare diseases.
- Osteoblast
Bone-forming cell.
- Osteoclast
Bone-destroying cell that works in conjunction with bone-forming cells to repair bone.
- Osteoclast-activating factor (OAF)
Substance released by tumor cells that promotes the activity of bone-destroying osteoclasts. Examples of OAFs include parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), growth factors and cytokines.
- Osteolytic lesion
Soft spot in the bone where bone tissue has been destroyed. The lesion appears as a hole on a standard bone X-ray.
- Osteonecrosis
Death or destruction of bone tissue due to trauma, loss of blood supply or disease.
- Osteopenia
A condition where bones are thinner than normal, but the bone loss is not severe enough to be classified as osteoporosis.
- Osteoporosis
Generalized bone loss typically associated with old age.
- Overall response rate (ORR)
Typically the percentage of patients who respond to a specific therapy in a clinical trial with a partial response or better.
- Overall survival (OS)
Term used in oncology clinical trials to denote the length of time a patient survives.
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